Through storytelling and reconnecting with his past, Saul is able to work through the trauma he endured and learn how to navigate his life despite his difficult past. This allows us to understand his current understanding of his experiences, as well as his childhood interpretation. Through this linear progression of perspective as the book advances, we see Saul’s interpretation of the events he experienced from his perspective at that time. We finally learn the disturbing truth about Father Leboutillier and re-evaluate Saul’s experience at St Jerome’s we understand that hockey was a method to escape his reality and we understand that his anger and violence were consequences of his attempts to block out the pain of his abuse. To abandon myself… The truth of the abuse and the rape of my innocence were closer to the surface and i used anger and rage and physical violence to block myself off from it” (199-200). My throat was parched… done anything that would allow me to get to that avenue of escape. He begins a monologue and the feelings that have been suppressed for years begin to spill out: Traumas reverberate down the generations and show as problems such as substance abuse, mental illness, family violence, child abuse. The environmental trigger of being back at that location causes him to remember everything- the trauma, the abuse, the truth of his past…During this pivotal moment in the book, we listen as Saul shares his story. Through storytelling, Saul remembers his past and starts to work through the suffering he endured. We are able to witness Saul’s reconnection and re-evaluation of his childhood to understand his trauma. Saul and us as readers simultaneously realize that Father Leboutillier abused him. Jerome’s in his adulthood, the memories start flooding back to him. Jerome’s) starts to dissipate, as the grip of trauma starts to tighten around him with age. His hope and passion (present during his childhood as he discovers hockey and begins making friends at St. Intergenerational trauma is associated with expression alterations in glucocorticoid- and immune-related genes. It is interesting to observe how his tone shifts as he becomes older. He turns to substance abuse and physical violence in hockey to push himself farther away from the trauma that looms within him. The storytelling of his adulthood has a dark and painful tone. We hear about his childhood from his perspective as a child, then as the novel progresses, the story is reshaped with an adult perspective. We first learn about his family history, his childhood, and his experiences at residential school. Saul invites us to see his development throughout life – starting from his childhood perspective, then progressing to his perspective as an adult. It is no coincidence the novel begins and ends with Saul at the New Dawn Center for rehabilitation. Trauma-based counselling and therapeutic services can also be important inter-vention components to prevent intergenerational child abuse. As readers, we follow his journey from childhood to adulthood, and notice the changes in perspective that better our understanding of his experiences. This story highlights the importance of storytelling and walks us through the protagonist’s life in developmental stages. It highlights the lasting effects of the trauma and abuse Indigenous children endured due to residential schools. Drawing on psychodynamic theory, Fanon’s theory of phobogenesis (fear of the Black body), Black feminist theories, and Relational Cultural Theory, this presentation will interrogate the ways race, racism, and gender are navigated by a family when considering its past and present.Indian Horse is a fiction novel based on the true experiences of Indigenous people in Canada. Moore will highlight the impact of his death on her paternal family, with an intensive exploration of its impact on the parenting approaches of her grandmother, and in turn her father, and its broader impact on the mental and emotional health of the family over time. Drawing on the mysterious death/murder of her paternal uncle in the 1950’s in Red Springs, North Carolina, Dr. Moore, PhD, LICSW, will share excerpts from her autoethnographic memoir work-in-progress that addresses the intricacies of understanding how a traumatic event shapes a family narrative of resilience and the persistence of mourning across two generations.
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